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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8875017/ Published online 2022 Feb 21

Abstract - Many studies have confirmed the important roles of nutritional status and micronutrients in the COVID-19 pandemic. Magnesium is a vital

essential trace element that is involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and many other immunological functions and has been shown to be

associated with the outcome of COVID-19 infection.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32708526/ 2020 Jul 16

Abstract - SARS-CoV-2 infections underlie the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and are causative for a high death toll particularly

among elderly subjects and those with comorbidities. Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element of high importance for human health and

particularly for a well-balanced immune response. The mortality risk from a severe disease like sepsis or polytrauma is inversely related to Se

status.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34836309/ 2021 Nov 12

Results: Our treatment protocol increased the serum 25OHD levels significantly to above 30 ng/mL within two weeks. COVID-19 cases (no

comorbidities, no vitamin D treatment, 25OHD <30 ng/mL) had 1.9-fold increased risk of having hospitalization longer than 8 days compared with the

cases with comorbidities and vitamin D treatment. Having vitamin D treatment decreased the mortality rate by 2.14 times. The correlation analysis

of specific serum biomarkers with 25OHD indicated that the vitamin D action in COVID-19 might involve regulation of INOS1, IL1B, IFNg,

cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1.

Conclusions: Vitamin D treatment shortened hospital stay and decreased mortality in COVID-19 cases, even in the existence of comorbidities. Vitamin

D supplementation is effective on various target parameters; therefore, it is essential for COVID-19 treatment.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25050823/ 2014 Jul 31

Zinc ionophore activity of quercetin and epigallocatechin-gallate: from Hepa 1-6 cells to a liposome model.

Abstract - Labile zinc, a tiny fraction of total intracellular zinc that is loosely bound to proteins and easily interchangeable, modulates the

activity of numerous signaling and metabolic pathways. Dietary plant polyphenols such as the flavonoids quercetin (QCT) and epigallocatechin-gallate

act as antioxidants and as signaling molecules. Remarkably, the activities of numerous enzymes that are targeted by polyphenols are dependent on

zinc. We have previously shown that these polyphenols chelate zinc cations and hypothesized that these flavonoids might be also acting as zinc

ionophores, transporting zinc cations through the plasma membrane. To prove this hypothesis, herein, we have demonstrated the capacity of QCT and

epigallocatechin-gallate to rapidly increase labile zinc in mouse hepatocarcinoma Hepa 1-6 cells as well as, for the first time, in liposomes. In

order to confirm that the polyphenols transport zinc cations across the plasma membrane independently of plasma membrane zinc transporters, QCT,

epigallocatechin-gallate, or clioquinol (CQ), alone and combined with zinc, were added to unilamellar dipalmitoylphosphocholine/cholesterol

liposomes loaded with membrane-impermeant FluoZin-3. Only the combinations of the chelators with zinc triggered a rapid increase of FluoZin-3

fluorescence within the liposomes, thus demonstrating the ionophore action of QCT, epigallocatechin-gallate, and CQ on lipid membrane systems.

The ionophore activity of dietary polyphenols may underlay the raising of labile zinc levels triggered in cells by polyphenols and thus many of

their biological actions.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8573830/ Published online 2021 Aug 30

Abstract - While there was no difference between the groups in terms of event frequency, QCB supplement group had more advanced pulmonar findings,

and QCB supplement is shown to have a positive effect on laboratory recovery/results. Therefore, we conclude that further studies involving

different doses and plasma level measurements are required to reveal the dose/response relationship and bioavailability of QCB for a better

understanding of the role of QCB in the treatment of SARS CoV-2.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33509217/ 2021 Jan 28

Abstract - Quercetin is a carbohydrate-free flavonoid that is the most abundant flavonoid in vegetables and fruits and has been the most studied to

determine the biological effects of flavonoids. Inflammasomes are cytosolic multi-protein complexes assembling in response to cytosolic PAMP and

DAMPs, whose function is to generate active forms of cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Activation or inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome is affected by

regulators such as TXNIP, SIRT1 and NRF2. Quercetin suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome by affecting these regulators. Quercetin, as an

anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic and inflammatory compound, is probably a potential treatment for severe inflammation and one of the main

life-threatening conditions in patients with COVID-19.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8197660/ Published online 2021 Jun 8.

Abstract - Quercetin, a well-known naturally occurring polyphenol, has recently been shown by molecular docking, in vitro and in vivo studies to be

a possible anti-COVID-19 candidate. Quercetin has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiviral properties, and it is

characterized by a very high safety profile, exerted in animals and in humans. Like most other polyphenols, quercetin shows a very low rate of oral

absorption and its clinical use is considered by most of modest utility. Quercetin in a delivery-food grade system with sunflower phospholipids

(Quercetin Phytosome®, QP) increases its oral absorption up to 20-fold.

Results - The results revealed a reduction in frequency and length of hospitalization, in need of non-invasive oxygen therapy, in progression to

intensive care units and in number of deaths. The results also confirmed the very high safety profile of quercetin and suggested possible

anti-fatigue and pro-appetite properties.

Conclusion - QP is a safe agent and in combination with standard care, when used in early stage of viral infection, could aid in improving the

early symptoms and help in preventing the severity of COVID-19 disease. It is suggested that a double-blind, placebo-controlled study should be

urgently carried out to confirm the results of our study.

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ZJ's avatar

Yes the Breggins are National Treasures! God bless them both.

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