Patterson et al.: "SARS-CoV-2 S1 Protein Persistence in SARS-CoV-2 Negative Post-Vaccination Individuals with Long COVID/ PASC-Like Symptoms"; Post-vaccination individuals with PASC-like symptoms...

exhibit markers of platelet activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production which may be driven by the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein persistence in intermediate and non-classical monocytes.

The key here is that the symptoms post vaccine are similar to those shown in persons experiencing acute symptoms post SARS infection (post-acute sequelae of COVID-19). The finding by this research group of persisting S1 protein adds to the evidence that something is very wrong with the mechanics of this COVID gene injection and that the mRNA platform and essentially the spike protein itself is a pathogen/toxin. It should have never been used as the immunologic target. These findings of persisting S1 protein (spike, sub unit) etc. are very troubling and importantly, it helps explain at least in part, the long-COVID symptoms people experience post infection and post vaccine. Those who have repeatedly stated that long-COVID is para ‘in the mind’ or the like and not credible, have no clue what they are saying.

‘enrolled 50 post-vaccination individuals who experience PASC-like symptoms, 10 healthy individuals, and 35 individuals post-vaccination without symptoms. We performed multiplex cytokine/chemokine profiling with machine learning as well as SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein detection on monocyte subsets using flow cytometry and mass spectrometry.

‘determined that post-vaccination individuals with PASC-like symptoms had similar symptoms to PASC patients. When analyzing their immune profile, post-vaccination individuals had statistically significant elevations of sCD40L, CCL5, IL-6, and IL-8. SARS-CoV-2 S1 and S2 protein were detected in CD16 + monocytes using flow cytometry and mass spectrometry on sorted cells.

‘Because of the similarities between PASC and patients with post-vaccination PASC-like symptoms, we examined whether S1 protein persistence might also occur in patients with post-vaccination PASC-like symptoms. We demonstrated a statistically significant elevation of S1 protein containing non-classical monocytes (NCM) and in S1-containing intermediate monocytes (IM) in post-vaccination PASC-like patients compared to normal controls.

Post-vaccination individuals with PASC-like symptoms exhibit markers of platelet activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production which may be driven by the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein persistence in intermediate and non-classical monocytes.

‘spike protein persistence from vaccination appears to be a “major contributor” of symptoms similar to Long Covid post-vaccination, and further, that given the spike protein “alone delivered by vaccination can cause similar pathologic features”, that it may be a “major contributor” of Long Covid symptoms post-infection as well.

‘Taken together, these findings suggest a possible mechanism for the debilitating symptoms found in some patients weeks and months following vaccination. The findings that the immune profile and persistent S1 protein in CD16 + monocytes suggest that S1 protein persistence is a major contributor not only of symptoms in post-vaccination individuals with PASC-like symptoms but also may be a major contributor of PASC itself given that S1 alone delivered by vaccination can cause similar pathologic features.’

Persistence of SARS CoV-2 S1 Protein in CD16+ Monocytes in Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) up to 15 Months Post-Infection