Menachery & Baric et al.: This was the key study that we should have focused on, showed us what they were doing & did! I believe something came from this! Respiratory type (if this were the model)

Title: 'A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence'; reconcile this to JJ Couey's clone theory, Yeadon's no pandemic, no release, Rancourt's theory, mine!

Every word in this abstract is critical…I am not saying what we experienced was a pandemic etc. or even linked to this abstract’s content. This is a 2015 paper.

A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence

‘examine the disease potential of a SARS-like virus, SHC014-CoV, which is currently circulating in Chinese horseshoe bat populations¹.

Using the SARS-CoV reverse genetics system², we generated and characterized a chimeric virus expressing the spike of bat coronavirus SHC014 in a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV backbone.

The results indicate that group 2b viruses encoding the SHC014 spike in a wild-type backbone can efficiently use multiple orthologs of the SARS receptor human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), replicate efficiently in primary human airway cells and achieve in vitro titers equivalent to epidemic strains of SARS-CoV.

Additionally, in vivo experiments demonstrate replication of the chimeric virus in mouse lung with notable pathogenesis.

Evaluation of available SARS-based immune-therapeutic and prophylactic modalities revealed poor efficacy; both monoclonal antibody and vaccine approaches failed to neutralize and protect from infection with CoVs using the novel spike protein.

On the basis of these findings, we synthetically re-derived an infectious full-length SHC014 recombinant virus and demonstrate robust viral replication both in vitro and in vivo. Our work suggests a potential risk of SARS-CoV re-emergence from viruses currently circulating in bat populations.’